LYNN‑DARRELL BENDER
5703 Steelhead Drive
Bakersfield, CA 93306
(661) 872-5452
thebenders@cox.net
EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
■ The George Washington University, Ph.D, 1972, Political Science. (NDEA Title IV Fellowship, 1969~71. National Science Foundation Traineeship, 1971‑72.)
Dissertation
"U.S.‑Cuban
Relations, 1959‑1972: The Determinants, Implications and Consequences of American Policy Toward the Revolutionary Regime"
Fields of Study
International Politics
Comparative Politics and Government
Political Theory
U.S. Foreign Policy
Latin American Government and Politics
Tools
Spanish and French
■ The George Washington University, Master of Philosophy, 1971.
■ University of Buenos Aires, Argentina, Politics, 1962, on Rotary International Fellowship.
■ Georgetown University, School of Foreign Service, International Affairs, B.S.F.S. (cum laude), 1960~61.
■ University of Madrid, Spain, Junior Year Abroad, 1959‑60.
■ Georgetown University, 1958~59.
■ Bakersfield College, Bakersfield, California, Political Science, A.A., 1956‑58.
UNIVERSITY EXPERIENCE
■ Professor of Political Science, Inter American University, 1975‑2005.
■ Fulbright Scholar, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City, 1980‑81.
■ Dean of Academic Affairs, Inter American University, San Germán, Puerto Rico, 1974‑77.
Chairman, Department of History, Political Science and Geography, Inter American University,
San Germán, Puerto Rico, 1972‑74.
■ Associate Professor of Political Science, Inter American University, San Germán, 1972‑74.
■ Lecturer in Political Science, Howard University, Washington, D.C., 1971‑72.
PRIOR EMPLOYMENT CHRONOLOGY
■ Second Secretary‑Vice Consul, Political/Economic Officer, American Embassy,
Libreville, Gabon, Africa, 1968.
■ Educational and Cultural Exchange Officer, American Republics
Area,
Department of State, Washington, D.C.,1966‑68.
■ Third Secretary‑Vice Consul, American Embassy, Caracas, Venezuela, 1964‑66.
■ Initial Foreign Service Officer Training and Employment Division,
Department of State,
Washington, D.C., 1963.
■ Administrative Assistant, Christensen Diamond Products, S.A., Madrid, Spain, 1961.
PERSONAL
■ Born: May 14,
1938, Yankton, South Dakota.
■ Married: three children, all independent.
■ Health: excellent.
■ Military: completed in 1962, USMCR.
■ Languages: bilingual Spanish, proficient in French
(tested by Foreign Service Institute, Department of State).
PUBLICATIONS
Articles
■ "U.S.‑Cuban Policy: Subtle Modifications and the Implications of the American‑Soviet Understandings," The Journal
of International and Comparative Studies (now Potomac Review), Vol. 5, No. 2, (Spring 1972), pp. 50‑67.
■ "U.S. Cuban Policy Under the Nixon Administration: Subtle Modifications," Revista‑Review Interamericana,
Vol. II, No. 3 (Fall 1972), pp. 330‑341.
■ "Guantánamo: Its Political, Military, and Legal Status," Caribbean Quarterly, Vol. 19, No. 1 (March 1973), pp. 80‑86.
■ "U.S. Claims Against the Cuban Government: An Obstacle to Rapprochement, Inter‑American Economic Affairs, Vol. 27, No. 1 (Summer 1973), pp. 3‑13.
■ "The Cuban Exiles: An Analytical Sketch," The Journal of Latin American Studies (London),
Vol. 4, Part 2 (November 1973), pp. 271‑278.
■ "Gitmo: Vestige of Americana in Cuba," United States Naval Institute Proceedings, Vol. 99, No. 12/850
(December 1973), pp. 114‑116.
■ "Cuba, the United States and Sugar," Caribbean Studies, Vol. 14, No. 1 (April 1974), pp. 155‑160.
■ "Puerto Rico: Site of the Primordial University of the Americas," translation and adaptation of work by
Aurelio Tío, Revista/Review Interamericana, Vol. IV, No. 4 (Winter 1975), pp. 484‑492.
■ "U.S. Cuban Policy in Perspective: Aberration or Politics as Usual? [Perplexing Hemisphere], Revista/Review
Interamericana, Vol. IV, No. 4 (Winter 1975), pp. 484‑492.
■ "Contained Nationalism: The Mexican Foreign Policy Example,"[Perplexing Hemisphere], Revista/Review Interamericana, Vol. V, No. 1 (Spring 1975), pp.1‑4.
■ "OAS: Sighs of a Moribund Idealism," [Perplexing Hemisphere], Revista/Review Interamericana, Vol.
V, No. 2 (Summer 1975), pp. 143‑145.
■ "Mexico's Revolutionary Totalitarian Democracy," [Perplexing Hemisphere], Revista/Review Interamericana,
Vol. V, No. 3 (Fall 1975), p. 321‑323.
■ "The American Revolution and the Caribbean: Two Views," with Martin Needler, [Perplexing Hemisphere], Revista/Review Interamericana,
Vol. V, No. 4 (Winter 1975‑76), pp. 555‑557.
■ "Nationalistic Authoritarianism: The Essence of Neo‑Militarism in Latin America," [Perplexing Hemisphere]
Revista/Review Interamericana, Vol. VI, No. 1 (Spring 1976), pp. 1‑2.
■ "José Enrique Rodó and Liberal Democracy for Latin America," [Perplexing Hemisphere], Revista/Review Interamericana, Vol. VI,
No. 2 (Summer 1976), pp. 153‑155.
■ "Argentine Foreign Policy: History of a Chameleonic Nationalism," [Perplexing Hemisphere], Revista/Review
Interamericana, Vol. VI, No. 3 (Fall 1976), pp. 317‑320.
■ 'Education and U. S. Policy Toward Latin America," [Perplexing Hemisphere] Revista/Review Interamericana,
Vol. VI, No. 4 (Winter 1976‑77), pp. 481‑484.
■ "Professionalism and American Diplomacy," Revista Cayey (University of Puerto Rico), Vol. 14, No. 19 (August 1977),
pp. 85‑89.
■ "The Recondite Limits of Cuban Foreign Policy," Sind Journal of Political Science and Modern History,
Vol. II, No. 1 (Winter 1977), pp. 110‑111, and Scholarly Commentaries Appraising Two Academic Conferences (Latin
American Monograph Series #4, Institute for Latin American Studies of Northwestern Pennsylvania), pp. 34‑35.
■ "Brazil: Giant in Pursuit of Greatness," [Perplexing Hemisphere], Revista/Review Interamericana,
Vol. VII, No. 1 {Spring 1977), pp. 1‑2.
■ "Selective Morality. U.S. Foreign Policy and Human Rights in Latin America," [Perplexing Hemisphere], Revista/Review
Interamericana, Vol. VII, No. 2 (Summer 1977), pp. 161‑162.
■ "Nationalism, Communism, and Marginal Change in Latin America, [Perplexing Hemisphere], Revista/Review Interamericana, Vol. VII, No. 3 (Fall 1977), pp.
355‑357.
■ "Puerto Rico and Historical Struggles for Legislative Autonomy," [Perplexing Hemisphere], Revista/Review Interamericana,
Vol. YII, No. 4 (Winter 1977‑78), pp. 561‑563.
■ "La politica exterior de Cuba," Revista Homines (Universidad
Interamericana, San Juan), Vol. 2, No. 1 (January‑May
1978), pp. 30‑33.
■ "The External Penetration of Latin America," [Perplexing Hemisphere], Revista/Review Interamericana, Vol. VIII, No. 1
(Spring 1978), pp. 1‑2.
■ "Cuba and the Hemisphere: Present and Future," Revista/Review Interamericana, Vol. VIII, No. 2 (Summer 1978}, pp. 289‑296.
■ "Venezuela: Wealth and Democracy as Obstacles to Development," [Perplexing Hemisphere], Revista/Review
Interamericana, Vol. VIII, No. 3 (Fall 1978), pp. 377‑379.
■ "Venezuela and the New International Economic Order" [Perplexing Hemisphere], Revista/Review
Interamericana, Vol. VIII, No. 4 (Winter 1978‑79), pp. 541‑544.
■ "Las relaciones cubano‑estadounidenses: la prolongación de la hostilidad," Revista
Homines, Vol. 3, No. 1‑2 (January~December 1979), pp. 92‑101.
■ "Mexico and Its Oil: Still Far From Heaven and Close to the United States," [Perplexing Hemisphere], Revista/Review
Interamericana, Vol. IX, No. 1 (Spring 1979), pp. 1‑4.
■ "México, Estados Unidos, y el petróleo," Opiniones
Latinoamericanas, November 1979, pp. 23‑25.
■ "Espectativas e implicaciones del retorno de Cuba a
las Américas," Chapter in Problemas del Caribe contemporáneo [Rio Piedras, P.R., Instituto de Estudios del Caribe, Universidad de Puerto Rico, 1979], pp. 167‑179.
■ "Latin America: Demise of the Democratic Ideal," [Perplexing Hemisphere], Revista/Review Interamericana,
Vol. IX, No. 2 (Summer 1979), pp. 159‑161.
■ "The Cuban Exiles: 'Gusanos' or 'Mariposas'?" [Perplexing Hemisphere},
Revista/Review Interamericana, Vol. IX, No. 3 (Fall 1979), pp. 331‑334.
■ "Development and the State in Latin America," [Perplexing Hemisphere], Revista/Review
Interamericana, Vol. X, No. 1 (Spring 1980), pp. 1‑3.
■ "The Core Interests of the Soviet Union in Cuba," [Perplexing Hemisphere], Revista/Review Interamericana,
Vol X, No. 2 (Summer 1980), pp. 131~134.
■ "Getting Tough With Cuba‑‑Again," [Perplexing Hemisphere], Revista/Review Interamericana,
Vol. X, No. 3 (Fall 1980), pp. 287~285.
■ "Los militares y la despolitización de América Latina," Opiniones Latinoamericanas, February 1981, pp. 24‑27.
■ "The Not so (Un)Welcome Neighbors," [Perplexing Hemisphere], Revista/Review Interamericana,
Vol. XI, No. 1 (Spring 1981), pp. 1‑3.
■ "Tethering Latin America Internationally," [Perplexing Hemisphere], Revista/Review Interamericana, Vol XI, No. 2 (Summer 1981),
pp. 155‑158.
■ "King Cane May Reign in the Caribbean," [Perplexing Hemisphere], Revista/Review
Interamericana, Vol. XI, No. 3 (Fall 1981), pp. 301‑303.
■ "Castro and the Soviets: Pals to What End?" U.S. Naval Institute Proceedings, February 1982, pp. 102‑103.
■ "Cuba: What Soviet‑American Understandings?" Revista Homines, Vol.
6, No. 1 (January‑June 1982), pp. 189‑192.
■ "Cuba Libre?" [Perplexing
Hemisphere] Revista/Review Interamericana, Vol. XII, No. 1 (Spring 1982), pp. 34‑36.
■ "Estado de Sitio" [Perplexing Hemisphere], Revista/Review Interamericana, Vol.
XII, No. 2 (Summer 1982), pp. 181‑184.
■ "Límites a una política exterior independiente," Ambito Internacional (Mexico), Vol. 1, No. 2, October, 1983.
■ Introduction to Jeffrey M. Puryear, "Only the United States Can Decolonize Puerto Rico" [Perplexing Hemisphere], Revista/Review Interamericana, Vol. XII, No. 4 (Winter 1982‑83), pp.
489‑495.
■ Introduction to Angel Rivera Ortiz and Juan R. Fernández, "Perspectives on Jeffrey M. Puryear's Essay 'Only
the United States Can Decolonize Puerto Rico', [Perplexing Hemisphere], Revista/Review Interamericana, Vol.III, No.
1‑4 (1983), pp. 1‑6.
■ "The Few vs. the Many: Ruling Class Domination in Latin America, [Perplexing Hemisphere] Revista/Review
Interamericana, Vol. XIV, No. 1‑4 (Spring‑Winter 1984), pp. 1‑3.
■ "Latin America: Mea Culpa?" [Perplexing Hemisphere] Revista/Review Interamericana, Vol. XV, No. 1‑4
(1985), pp 1‑3.
■ “Latin America: Between the Fat and the Lean [Perplexing Hemisphere] Revista/Review
Interamericana, Vol. XVI. No. 1-4, pp. 1-3.
■ "Playing Games with Latin America, [Perplexing Hemisphere] Revista/Review Interamericana,
Vol. XVII, No. 3‑4 (1987), pp. 1‑4.
■ "How Should the U.S. Deal with Cuba?" [Perplexing Hemisphere] Revista/Review Interamericana, Vol.
XVIII, No. 1‑2 (1988), pp. 1‑5.
■ "The Enemies of Latin American Democracy," [Perplexing Hemisphere] Revista/Review Interamericana,
Vol. XVIII, No. 3‑4 (1988), pp. 1‑3.
■ "Participación y la democracia latinoamericana," [Perplexing Hemisphere] Revista/Review
Interamericana, Vol. XIX, No. 1‑2 (1989), pp. 1‑3.
■ "El presidencialismo en el hemisferio," [Perplexing Hemisphere] Revista/Review Interamericana,
Vol. XIX, No. 3‑4 (1989), pp. 7‑9.
■ "Mitos en torno al sistema político norteamericano," [Perplexing Hemisphere] Revista/Review
Interamericana, Vol. XX, No. 1‑2 (1990), pp. 5‑9.
■ "Las Américas en una época de cambios globales," [Perplexing Hemisphere], Revista/Review
Interamericana, Vol. XXI, Nos. 1‑2 (1991), pp.
5‑7.
■ "History and the Caribbean Future," [Perplexing Hemisphere] Revista/Review Interamericana, Vol. XXII, No. 1‑2
(1992), pp. 7‑8.
■ "La revolución cubana en transición," [Perplexing Hemisphere] Revista/Review Interamericana,
Vol. XXII, No. 3‑4
(1992), pp. 5‑8.
■ "Democracia versus teocracia: ¿Tiene relevancia este conflicto en las Américas?" [Perplexing Hemisphere] Revista/Review
Interamericana, Vol. XXIII, No. 1‑2 (1993), pp. 5‑6, written with Norman Prigge.
■ "Los mexicanos ilegales en Estados Unidos" [Perplexing Hemisphere] Revista‑Review
Interamericana, Vol. XXIII, No. 3‑4 (1993), pp. 5‑6.
■ "La burocracia: freno al nuevo rumbo político‑económico en las Américas," [Perplexing
Hemisphere], Revista/Review Interamericana. Vol. XXIV., No. 1‑4
(1994), pp. 5‑7.
■ "Los partidos políticos en EE.UU.," [Perplexing Hemisphere], Revista/Review Interamericana. Vol. XXV, No. 1‑4) (1995), pp. 1‑3.
■ “Los partidos políticos en Puerto Rico,” Robert W. Anderson, [Perplexing Hemisphere], Revista/Review Interamericana. Vol. XXVI, No. 1‑4 (1996), pp. 1‑3.
■ “Política y drogas,”[Perplexing Hemisphere],
Revista/Review Interamericana. Vol. XXVII, No. 1‑4 (1997), pp. 1‑3.
■ “U.S. vs. Cuba: Back to the Future?” [Perplexing
Hemisphere], Revista/Review Interamericana. Vol. XXVIII, No. 1‑4 (1998), pp. 1‑4.
■ “Libertad o justicia: el papel del estado en las Américas”, [Perplexing Hemisphere], Revista/Review
Interamericana, Vol. XXIX, No. 1-4 (1999), pp. 1-4.
■ “Puertorriqueños and americanos in Puerto Rico: Ethnic Conflict?”[Perplexing Hemisphere], Revista/Review Interamericana,
Vol. XXX, No. 1-4
(2002), pp. 1-4.
Book Reviews
■ Review of Latin American Review of Books, Number One (Spring 1973), Joint Publication of Latin American
Newsletter, Ltd. and Leeds, London, in Revista/Review Interamericana, Vol. III, No. 4 (Winter 1974), pp. 435‑439.
■ Review of The Cuban Insurrection 1952‑1959 by Ramon Bonachea and Marta San Martin in Journal
of Latin American Studies (London), Vol.7, Part 2 (November 1975), pp. 336‑337.
■ Review of Che's Guerrilla War by Regis Debray in Revista/Review Interamericana, Vol. VI, No.
1 (Spring 1976), pp. 144‑145.
■ Review of From Neighnor to Stranger: The Dilemma of Caribbean Peoples in the United States
by Virginia R. Domínguez in Revista/Review Interamericana, Vol. VI, No. 3 (Fall 1976), pp. 476‑477.
■ Review of Hagelberg, The Caribbean Sugar Industries: Constraints and Opportunities in Caribbean Studies, Vol. 16, No. 1 (April 1976), pp. 169‑171.
■ Review Essay "Political Forces in Latin America," in Problems of Communism, Vol. XXIX (September‑October 1980), pp. 65‑67.
■ Review of José Martí: Mentor of the Cuban Nation by John M. Kirk in Cuban Studies/Estudios Cubanos
14:2 (Summer 1984), pp. 71‑72.
■ Review of Baloyra, El Salvador in Transition in The Journal of Politics,
Wol. 46, 1984, pp. 952‑954.
■ Review Essay "Hemispheric Debate: How to Handle Latin America," Caribbean Review, Vol. XIV,
No. 4, 1986, pp. 34‑35,
■ Review of José Martí, the United States, and the Marxist Interprettion of Cuban History by Carlos
Ripoll in Cuban Studies/Estudios Cubanos, Vol. 16, 1986, pp. 252‑253.
■ Review of Cuba, Castro and the Caribbean by Carlos Alberto Montaner in Cuban Studies/Estudios
Cubanos, Vol. 17, 1987, pp. 186~187.
■ Review of Reflections on the Cuban Missile Crisis by Raymond L. Garthoff in Cuban Studies/Estudios
Cubanos, Vol. 18, 1988, pp. 243‑244.
■ Review of Subject to
Solution: Problems in Cuban‑U.S. Relations by Wayne S. Smith and Estéban Morales Domínguez in Cuban Studies/Estudios
Cubanos, Vol. 20, 1990, pp. 188‑190.
■ Review of Cuba's Foreign
Policy in the Middle East by Damián J. Fernández in Cuban Studies/Estudios Cubanos, Vol. 21, 1991, pp. 234‑235.
■ Review of The Russians Aren't Coming: New Soviet Policy in Latin America by Wayne S. Smith, ed. in Cuban Studies/Estudios
Cubanos, Vol. 22, 1992, pp. 217‑218.
■ Review of The Conscience
of Worms and the Cowardice of Lions: Cuban Politics and Culture in an American Context by Irving Louis Horowitz in Cuban
Studies/Estudios Cubanos, Vol. 24, 1994, pp. 194‑195.
Newspaper Articles
■ "U.S.‑Cuban Relations: A Possibility?" San Juan Star (December 12, 1972), p. 28.
■ "United States‑Cuban Relations: A Possibility?" Bakersfield Californian (August
5, 1973), p. 23.
■ "The U.S., Cuba, and the Future," San Juan Star (February 23, 1974), p. 20.
■ "Los cubanos exilados: una radiografía," El Mundo ,San Juan, P.R. (June 17, 1974), p. 12.
■ "Obstacles to a Cuban‑American Settlement," San Juan Star (September 26, 1974), p. 20.
■ "Les obstacles a un arrangement entre Cuba et les Etats‑Unis," Le Nouvelliste, Haiti (October 2, 1974),
p. 11.
■ "Obstáculos para una reconciliación cubano‑estadounidense." El Mundo (February 5, 1975).
■ "Azucar y diplomacia," El Mundo (February 6, 1975).
■ "Cuba: 2 puntos Claves," El Mundo (February 7, 1975).
■ "US‑Cuban Relations: Now What? San Juan Star (August 15, 1975), p. 16.
■ "Las relaciones cubano‑americanas: continuidad y cambio," La Paz , Bolivia (October 24, 1975).
■ "U.S.‑Cuba Ties: Still Many Problems," San Juan Star (June 16, 1977), p. 28.
■ "Puerto Rico and the United Nations in Perspective," San Juan Star (October 25, 1978), p.16.
■ "Cuba and Its Exiles," San Juan Star (May 10, 1980), p. 20.
■ "Reagan and Cuba," San Juan Star (February 24, 1981), p. 13
■ "Reagan y Cuba: resistencia y convivencia," (March 1981 in various newspapers throughout Latin America).
■ "La penetration externa en América Latina," (August 1981 in various newspapers throughout Latin America).
■ "Latin America: Eclipse of the Democratic Ideal," San Juan Star (January 19, 1982),
p. 16.
■ "Latin America's New Dependency," San Juan Star (May 24, 1982), p. 18.
■ "Lure of American Jobs Irresistible: Alien Problem Defies Resolution, Bakersfield Californian
(August 8, 1982), p. B7.
■ "Los mexicanos ilegales en Estados Unidos," El Mundo {November 2, 1982), p. 25‑A.
■ "The Key to True Political Autonomy," Sam Juan Star (November 3, 1982), p. 19.
■ "King Cane May Still Reign in the Caribbean," San Juan Star (March 18, 1983),
p. S‑8.
■ "Los cambios que compensan cambios," El Mundo (February 15, 1984).
■ "E.U. us. America Latina," El Mundo (February 20, 1984), p. 9‑A.
■ "Analyzing Marti's Universal Appeal to Cubans," San Juan Star (February
8, 1985), p. 18.
■ "Cuba's Internationalism," San Juan Star (May 30, 1985), p. 3S.
■ "Monroe Still Stalks the Hemisphere," San Juan Star (September 13, 1985), p. 14.
■ "America Latina penetrada," El Mundo (September 18, 1985), p. 21.
■ "Like It or Not," San Juan Star (November 21, 1985), p. 42.
■ "Who Rules Latin America," San Juan Star (December 1, 1986), p. 18.
■ "Can Latin America Ride the 'Third Wave,'" San Juan Star (April 13, 1987), p. 30.
■ "Lean Isn't Beautiful," San Juan Star (October 31, 1987), p. 32.
■ "Latin America's Democratic Future," San Juan Star (April 23, 1988}, p.16.
■ "Cuban Missile Crisis Bore Still‑Bitter Fruit," San Juan Star (February 26, 1989), Sec. B.
p. 7.
■ "What Democracy Has Cost Venezuela," San Juan Star (March 18, 1989), p. 16.
Books
■ The Politics of Hostility: Castro's Revolution and United States Policy, San Juan, Puerto
Rico: Inter American University Press, 1975.
■ Perspectivas Políticas, Vol. I, San Juan, Puerto Rico: Politikon Books,
1979. Second Edition, Inter American University Press, 1981, Vol. II, Inter American University Press, 1980. Third Edition (combined, revised, and expanded), 1983. Fourth Edition, January 1987. Fifth Edition, San
Juan: Librotex, August 1987. Sixth Edition, San Juan: Librotex, January
1990. Seventh Edition, San Juan: Publicaciones Puertorriqueñas, August 1991.
Eighth Edition, San Juan: Publicaciones Puertorriqueñas, 1993. Ninth Edition
(revised and expanded) Publicaciones Puertorriqueñas, 1995. Tenth Edition, Publicaciones
Puertorriqueña, 1998. Internet edition: http://www.publicacionespr.com, 2003.
■ Cuba vs. United States: The Politics of Hostility, San Juan, Puerto Rico: Inter American University Press, 1981.
■ The American Presence in Puerto Rico (editor), San Juan, Puerto
Rico: Institute of Puerto Rican Culture/PR‑USA Centennial Commission/Publicaciones Puertorriqueñas, 1998.
■ Sociedad Global: fundamentos para estudio y análisis, San Juan: Publicaciones
Puertorriqueñas, 2003. Internet edition: http://www.publicacionespr.com, 2003. 2003.
■ Global Society: Framework for Study and Analysis, San Juan: Publicaciones Puertorriqueñas, 2004. Internet edition: http://www.publicacionespr.com, 2004.
■ Chapter in book, Joseph R. Rudolph, Jr. , Encyclopedia of Modern Ethnic Conflicts: “The United
States-Puerto Rico Relationship,” Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 2003.
Lectures, Consultant Services and Other Activities
■ Speaker in IAU lecturer series at North‑South Center, San Juan, "La política exterior norteamericana
hacia Cuba Socialist," March, 1973.
■ Guest speaker in lecture series "Cuba and Revolution," Georgetown University, Washington, D.C., October, 1974.
■ Chairman of panel on "Cuba: la institucionalización de la revolución," at Caribbean Studies association
Meeting, San Juan, January, 1975.
■ Speaker, Founder's Day, Inter American University, San Germán, Puerto Rico, "Reafirmando lo pasado en el Presente,"
January, 1975.
■ Guest lecturer, Colegio Universitario del Sagrado Corazón, San Juan, "Relaciones entre EE.UU. y Cuba," April, 1975.
■ Consultant for Department of State, Washington, D.C. at symposium on Cuba, "U.S. Cuban Policy in Perspective:
Continuity with Change," May, 1975.
■ Speaker in guest lecturer series on the Caribbean, University of Puerto
Rico, Colegio Universitario de Cayey, "Las expectativas e implicaciones del retorno de Cuba a las Américas," April, 1976.
■ Consultant for Tinker Foundation, New York, to evaluate proposal "Cuba and the Caribbean" submitted by the
Center for Strategic and International Studies, Georgetown University, Washington, D.C., July, 1976.
■ Guest participant, international conference on "The Role of Cuba in World Affairs" held at the University
of Pittsburgh, November 1976
■ Member, Board of Editors of The Sind Journal of Modern History and Political Science and the Revista/Review Interamericana,
1977‑83.
■ Guest speakers Admiral's Conference, Roosevelt Roads Naval Base, June 1977, on U.S.‑Cuban relations
and Latin American politics.
■ Lecturer, Institute for Shipboard Education, aboard the SS UNIVERSE Caribbean‑Latin American cruise,
June‑July 1978.
■ Guest participant in I Seminario Nacional de Relaciones Públicas de Universidades, at
the Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, México,
March 1980, "Las relaciones públicas y la universidad: un ejemplo en Puerto Rico."
■ Fulbright scholar, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, 1980.
■ Organizer of activity "The U.S. Constitution: Its Impact on Puerto Rican Culture" for Puerto Rican Commission
on the Bicentennial of the U.S. Constitution, March, 1988.
■ Seminar participant, "The Application of Multimedia," Instructional Technology Center, University of Delaware, June 1993.
■ Director of multidisciplinary research project "The American Presence in Puerto Rico," 1993-1999.
■ Development of internet materials and offering courses in distance learning program of Inter American University
of Puerto Rico.
